Glossary: L-Z
- language
- Roughly and generally defined as a system of communicating thought, idea, or meaning through a system of arbitrary signals, such as vocal-aural language, visual-manual language, or written symbols.
- linguicism
-
a form of prejudice based on a language, an "-ism" along the lines of racism, ageism or sexism. Broadly defined, it involves an individual making judgments about one's wealth, education, social status, character, and/or other traits based on choice and use of language.
- article
- linguistics
-
the scientific study of natural language
- logocentrism
-
the metaphysical discourse that logos (the Greek term for speech, thought, law, or reason) is the central principle of language and philosophy. It relates to phonocentrism.
- manual alphabet
-
Manual alphabet is a set of manual-visual handshapes corresponding to the alphabetical letters. Also "fingerspelling."
- morphology
- the study of the formation and inflection of words.
- neologism
- a newly invented word or a new meaning; the act of inventing a word or phrase.
- nonce
- a new word that one makes up on the spot and uses it only once.
- onomatopoeia
- term referring to the use of a word that resembles the sound or visual it imitates.
- ontogeny
- the origin and the development of an organism from the creation to its mature form.
- phonocentrism
- the superiority of speech language (e.g. presence) over written language (e.g. absence). also the metaphysical superiority of speech language over sign language.
- phonology
- the study of phonemes, the smallest units of language. This term is used in both sign language and spoken language linguistics.
- poetics
- the systematic study of literature, or a unified theory of texts.
- pidgin
-
A pidgin language is a mix of two languages (eg. ASL and English) in signs.
- sign language
-
Sign language is a visual-manual language, that is independent from auditory-vocal language.
It has its own phonology, morphology, grammatical structure, syntax, and such. Sign language is not universal.
- signoclasm
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the practice of prohibiting or destroying sign language and/or visual-manual modality, along the lines of iconoclasm and iconoclast. Also signoclast; coined by Jolanta Lapiak, 2006.
- synesthesia
- a condition in which at least one or more senses are simultaneously or interchangeably perceived. stimulation of one sense triggers stimulation in another sense. e.g. hear colors, taste shapes
- syntax
- the study of sentence structure in a language.
- transcription
- a written representation of a spoken or signed language. Examples: "gloss", Stokoe notation, etc. Video can be considered a form of direct transcription of a sign language.
- phonetic transcription
- "Phonetic transcription (or phonetic notation) is the visual system of symbolization of the sounds occurring in spoken human language. The most common type of phonetic transcription uses a phonetic alphabet." (Wikipedia). Also "phonetic notation". Unlike orthology (another form of writing), phonetic transcription can describe differences in pronunciation between dialects within a given language.
- transcription symbols
- a set of conventional symbols for writing down ASL words and sentences from ASL.
- translation
- "The act or process of translating, especially from one language into another. The state of being translated."
- visual language
-
Visual language is a generic term for visual-related languages such as sign language, written language, etc.
- phonetic transcription
- "Phonetic transcription (or phonetic notation) is the visual system of symbolization of the sounds occurring in spoken human language. The most common type of phonetic transcription uses a phonetic alphabet." (Wikipedia). Also "phonetic notation". Unlike orthology (another form of writing), phonetic transcription can describe differences in pronunciation between dialects within a given language.
